The anime draws from an ancient Japanese tale that itself echoes the famed Chinese classic Suikoden, also known as Water Margin. Originally, a sizable group of bandits receives amnesty from authorities to confront foreign invaders and insurgents across the region. In the Tenpō Suidōken adaptation, the narrative shifts to Tonosho in Chiba Prefecture, centering on the gallant duels of Sasagawa no Shigezou and Iioka Sukegorō, highlighting their heroic deeds together.